內窺鏡是集中了傳統(tǒng)光學、人體工程學、現(xiàn)代電子、數(shù)學、軟件等于一體的檢測儀器。下面內窺鏡設備維修人員為您講解一下軟式內鏡與硬式內鏡兩者間的差別怎么樣。

Endoscope is a testing instrument integrating traditional optics, ergonomics, modern electronics, mathematics and software. The endoscopic equipment maintenance personnel will explain the difference between the soft endoscope and the hard endoscope.

1.外觀不同

1. Different appearance

軟式內鏡：鏡身材質柔軟，可以彎曲，插入端部可以調整角度，甚至可達到180°。

Soft endoscope: The mirror body is soft and can be bent. The insertion end can be adjusted to an angle of 180 °.

硬式內鏡：鏡身主體不可彎曲或扭轉，進入人體的深度遠遠低于軟式內鏡。

Hard endoscope: The main body of the mirror cannot be bent or twisted, and the depth into the human body is far lower than that of the soft endoscope.

2.結構不同

2. Different structures

軟式內鏡：一般包括以下基本構造：前端部，彎曲部，插入管，操縱部，接目部以及成像接口部。其前端部是硬性部分，端面有多個腔道和窗面，分別為送水送氣出口孔，活檢鉗出口孔，物鏡以及導光窗。

Soft endoscope: generally including the following basic structures: front end, bending part, insertion tube, manipulation part, eye connector and imaging interface part. The front end is a hard part, and the end face is provided with a plurality of cavities and windows, which are respectively a water and air supply outlet hole, a biopsy forceps outlet hole, an objective lens and a light guide window.

送水送氣為共同出口，注氣時，氣體由此孔進入人體腔內使腔體擴張;注水時，水從此孔出來沖洗物鏡鏡面及手術野，使視野保持清晰。負壓吸引及活檢鉗出口孔為同一管口，當腔內有過多液體妨礙觀察時，按壓吸引按鈕，液體可由此孔吸入吸引瓶內。

Water supply and air supply are common outlets. During air injection, the gas enters the human cavity through this hole to expand the cavity; When water is injected, the water comes out from this hole to wash the objective lens surface and surgical field, so as to keep the vision clear. The negative pressure suction hole and the exit hole of the biopsy forceps are the same nozzle. When there is too much liquid in the cavity that hinders the observation, press the suction button, and the liquid can be sucked into the suction bottle through this hole.

活檢鉗和其他治療器械也從此孔進入體腔內。操縱部包括角度控制旋鈕，吸引閥按鈕，送水送氣按鈕以及活檢管開口，術者可以在此操作各種按鈕已完成內鏡檢查和治療。

The biopsy forceps and other therapeutic instruments also enter the body cavity from this hole. The operating part includes angle control knob, suction valve button, water and air supply button and biopsy tube opening, where the operator can operate various buttons to complete endoscopic examination and treatment.

硬式內鏡：各類硬管內鏡結構一般包括外鏡管(或鞘套)、鏡體、光導束接口、目端接管以及成像接口部分。與軟式內鏡均有操作孔道不同，部分硬式內鏡鏡身無器械及水氣孔道，如腹腔鏡、胸腔鏡、縱膈鏡、關節(jié)鏡等;

Hard endoscope: various hard tube endoscope structures generally include external lens tube (or sheath), lens body, optical guide beam interface, eye end nozzle and imaging interface. Unlike soft endoscopes, some hard endoscopes have no instruments or air and water channels, such as laparoscope, thoracoscope, mediastinoscopy, arthroscope, etc;

3.應用不同

3. Different applications

軟式內鏡：主要通過人體的自然腔道來完成檢查、診斷和治療，如胃鏡、腸鏡、喉鏡、支氣管鏡等主要通過人體的消化道、呼吸道及泌尿道進入人體。

Soft endoscopy: mainly through the natural cavity of the human body to complete the examination, diagnosis and treatment, such as gastroscope, enteroscope, laryngoscope, bronchoscope, etc., mainly through the human digestive tract, respiratory tract and urinary tract into the human body.

硬式內鏡：主要進入人體無菌組織、器官或者經外科切口進入人體無菌腔室，如腹腔鏡、胸腔鏡、關節(jié)鏡、椎間盤鏡、腦室鏡等。

Hard endoscope: It is mainly used to enter sterile tissues and organs of the human body or sterile chambers of the human body through surgical incision, such as laparoscope, thoracoscope, arthroscope, discoscope, ventriculoscope, etc.

4.清洗消毒流程不同

4. Different cleaning and disinfection processes

軟式內鏡：每次使用后均應進行清洗、中間漂洗、高水平消毒或滅菌、終末漂洗。

Soft endoscope: after each use, it shall be cleaned, rinsed in the middle, disinfected or sterilized at a high level, and rinsed at the end.

軟式內鏡從患者體內取出后要進行床旁預處理，在光源和視頻處理器拆離前立即用含有清洗液的濕巾或紗布擦去表面污物，擦拭品一次性使用;每次使用后清洗前要進行測漏，如無條件至少每天測漏一次。清洗液應每清洗一條內鏡后即更換。接觸完整皮膚、粘膜的內鏡需達到高水平消毒要求，接觸破損皮膚、粘膜的內鏡需達到滅菌要求。

After the flexible endoscope is taken out of the patient's body, the bedside pretreatment shall be carried out. Before the light source and video processor are removed, the dirt on the surface shall be wiped with a wet towel or gauze containing cleaning solution. The wipes shall be used once; Leakage detection shall be conducted after each use and before cleaning, and at least once a day if unconditionally. The cleaning solution shall be replaced after each endoscope is cleaned. Endoscopes in contact with intact skin and mucous membrane shall meet the requirements of high level disinfection, and those in contact with damaged skin and mucous membrane shall meet the requirements of sterilization.

硬式內鏡：每次使用后均應清洗、漂洗、終末漂洗和滅菌。硬式內鏡使用后用流動水初步沖洗，除去血液、粘液等污染物，管腔器械用壓力水槍進行沖洗。可拆卸部分須拆至小單元后置于多酶洗液中浸泡，或用保濕劑進行保濕處理。硬式內鏡一般要求滅菌。

Hard endoscope: it shall be cleaned, rinsed, rinsed and sterilized after each use. After use, the rigid endoscope shall be preliminarily flushed with flowing water to remove blood, mucus and other pollutants. The lumen instruments shall be flushed with a pressure water gun. The detachable parts must be disassembled into small units and then soaked in multi enzyme lotion, or moisturized with moisturizing agent. Sterilization is generally required for rigid endoscopes.

軟式內鏡與硬式內鏡的區(qū)別在于外觀形態(tài)和臨床應用方式，其清洗消毒及儲存保養(yǎng)方面也存在著細微的差異。您有不了解的地方可以隨時來我們網站http://m.tukouzhao.cn進行咨詢！

The difference between soft endoscope and hard endoscope lies in appearance and clinical application mode, and there are also slight differences in cleaning, disinfection, storage and maintenance. You can come to our website anytime if you don't know something http://m.tukouzhao.cn Consult!