內(nèi)窺鏡是用于通過(guò)進(jìn)入人體外部成像，檢查人體器官和組織病變的器械。臨床上按照形態(tài)可以分為硬式內(nèi)窺鏡、軟式內(nèi)窺鏡，按照用途可以分為鼻竇鏡、腹腔鏡、椎間孔鏡等，按照角度可以分為0度鏡、30度鏡、70度鏡、120度鏡等。

Endoscope is an instrument used to examine lesions in human organs and tissues by entering the external body for imaging. In clinical practice, endoscopes can be divided into hard endoscopes and soft endoscopes according to their shape. They can be used for different purposes, such as sinusoscopes, laparoscopes, and intervertebral foramen endoscopes. They can be used for angles, such as 0 degree endoscopes, 30 degree endoscopes, 70 degree endoscopes, and 120 degree endoscopes.

硬式內(nèi)窺鏡的結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖，主要包括物鏡、棒鏡或棒鏡組、目鏡、特種不銹鋼管等。

The structure of a rigid endoscope is shown in the figure below, mainly including an objective lens, rod lens or rod lens group, eyepiece, special stainless steel tube, etc.

一般來(lái)講，硬式內(nèi)窺鏡在出廠時(shí)都會(huì)做一定的測(cè)試，比如滲漏測(cè)試、震動(dòng)測(cè)試等，出現(xiàn)故障比較多的是人為故障，比如不適當(dāng)?shù)氖褂茫ㄅc刨削器械接觸、激光碎石時(shí)激光打在鏡管上），不適當(dāng)?shù)南荆ǔ暻逑矗?/p>

Generally speaking, rigid endoscopes undergo certain tests before leaving the factory, such as leakage testing, vibration testing, etc. The most common faults are human errors, such as improper use (contact with planing instruments, laser hitting the endoscope tube during laser lithotripsy), and improper disinfection (ultrasonic cleaning).

常見(jiàn)故障包括圖像模糊、照明亮度下降、圖像缺角、鏡管彎曲凹陷、器械管堵塞等，拆卸檢查會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原因可為蓋玻璃損壞、導(dǎo)光束損壞、棒鏡損壞等。

Common faults include blurred images, decreased lighting brightness, missing corners in images, bent and concave mirror tubes, and blocked instrument tubes. Upon disassembly and inspection, it can be found that the causes include damaged cover glass, damaged guide beams, and damaged rod mirrors.

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