電子內(nèi)窺鏡是集光學(xué)、電子、信息及機(jī)械等多種高新技術(shù)為一體的醫(yī)學(xué)儀器，可通過無創(chuàng)或微創(chuàng)的方式進(jìn)入人體，完成疾病的診斷與治療，且對(duì)人體造成的創(chuàng)傷小，符合現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的微創(chuàng)醫(yī) 療理念。但電子內(nèi)窺鏡結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、工藝精密，在臨床上使用頻繁，且每次使用后都要進(jìn)行消毒、清洗、滅菌，過程中會(huì)對(duì)設(shè)備造成一定的損耗；若操作不慎，會(huì)造成圖像異常等故障，影響疾病的診斷與治療。因此，相關(guān)人員需定期對(duì)電子內(nèi)窺鏡進(jìn)行檢查及維護(hù)保養(yǎng)，以延長(zhǎng)其使用壽命。

Electronic endoscope is a medical instrument that integrates various high-tech technologies such as optics, electronics, information, and machinery. It can enter the human body through non-invasive or minimally invasive methods to complete the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, with minimal trauma to the human body, in line with the minimally invasive medical concept of modern medicine. However, electronic endoscopes have complex structures and precise processes, and are frequently used in clinical practice. After each use, they must be disinfected, cleaned, and sterilized, which can cause certain losses to the equipment; If operated improperly, it can cause image abnormalities and other malfunctions, affecting the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, relevant personnel need to regularly inspect and maintain the electronic endoscope to extend its service life.

電子內(nèi)窺鏡概述

Overview of electronic endoscopes

電子內(nèi)窺鏡是醫(yī)療輔助檢查的常用儀器，包括胃鏡、腸鏡、支氣管鏡及鼻咽喉鏡等。電子內(nèi)窺鏡系統(tǒng)包括電子內(nèi)鏡、影像處理、顯示及冷光源等系統(tǒng)，其中電子內(nèi)鏡由光電接頭部、操作部、彎曲部、插入部及導(dǎo)光軟管等部分組成，各部分 的工作原理具體如下。

Electronic endoscopes are commonly used instruments for medical auxiliary examinations, including gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, and nasopharyngoscopy. The electronic endoscope system includes electronic endoscopy, image processing, display, and cold light source systems. The electronic endoscope is composed of a photoelectric connector, an operating part, a bending part, an insertion part, and a light guiding hose. The working principles of each part are as follows.

電子內(nèi)鏡的成像原理

The imaging principle of electronic endoscopy

在使用電子內(nèi)鏡時(shí)，先將冷光導(dǎo)入人體腔內(nèi)，利用電荷耦合器件，圖像傳感器在內(nèi)鏡頂端將光信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號(hào)，再將電信號(hào)傳輸至影像處理系統(tǒng)，在對(duì)影像進(jìn)行處理加工后，將圖像傳輸至顯示系統(tǒng)中，此時(shí)，圖像就可清晰出現(xiàn)在顯示器上。另外，圖像質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣可直接影響電子內(nèi)窺鏡的使用效果。

When using an electronic endoscope, cold light is first introduced into the human body cavity, and a charge coupled device is used. The image sensor converts the light signal into an electrical signal at the top of the endoscope, and then transmits the electrical signal to the image processing system. After processing the image, it is transmitted to the display system. At this time, the image can appear clearly on the display. In addition, the quality of images can directly affect the effectiveness of electronic endoscopes.

電子內(nèi)鏡彎曲部的工作原理

The working principle of the bending part of electronic endoscopy

電子內(nèi)鏡彎曲部的材質(zhì)為環(huán)形金屬，可通過牽拉角度鋼絲自由活動(dòng)，而角度鋼絲的一端固定在彎曲部的前端，另一端與角度控制旋鈕相連接。

The material of the bending part of the electronic endoscope is circular metal, which can be freely moved by pulling the angle steel wire. One end of the angle steel wire is fixed at the front end of the bending part, and the other end is connected to the angle control knob.

電子內(nèi)鏡送水送氣的工作原理

The working principle of water and gas delivery in electronic endoscopes

送水送氣裝置通過三通將水管、氣管與噴嘴連接，當(dāng)需要送水時(shí)，按壓水氣按鈕即可帶動(dòng)氣泵增壓，使水瓶?jī)?nèi)壓力增加，將水由水氣管壓到人體腔內(nèi)；當(dāng)需要送氣時(shí)，堵住水氣按扭，即可將光源氣泵內(nèi)的氣體用水氣管送到人體腔內(nèi)。

The water and gas delivery device connects the water pipe, air pipe, and nozzle through a three-way connection. When water needs to be delivered, pressing the water and gas button can drive the air pump to increase pressure, increasing the pressure inside the water bottle and pressing water into the human body through the water and gas pipe; When air supply is needed, block the water and gas button to deliver the gas from the light source air pump to the human body through the water hose.

電子內(nèi)鏡的吸引工作原理

The working principle of suction in electronic endoscopes

吸引與附件的通道在活鉗口部匯合，當(dāng)未按壓吸引按鈕時(shí)，吸引器在按鈕上方的空隙處會(huì)吸入空氣；當(dāng)按壓吸引按鈕時(shí)，吸引通道與頭端相連的鉗道口即開始吸引。

The channel for attraction and attachment converges at the movable jaws. When the attraction button is not pressed, the attractor will suck in air in the gap above the button; When the attraction button is pressed, the clamp port connected to the head end of the attraction channel begins to attract.

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